The USS North Carolina (BB-55) My all-time favorite warship. As an elementary school student in North Carolina, I donated nickels and dimes to save this ship back in the early sixties.

Saturday, January 11, 2014

Action Report of the USS Roper Against the U-85

From the U-boat.net.

I've shortened it considerably so you should go to the site and read the whole thing.

The USS Roper was following a ship on the surface of the Atlantic Ocean off Cape Hatteras, NC, and when within 300 yards, the searchlight showed it to be a submarine.

Machine guns cut down the sub's crew rushing to man their gun and a direct hit was made on its cunning tower by the 3-inch gun and then the sub appeared to begin to sink, apparently scuttled. Soon, there were 40 of the crew on the sub's deck.

A barrage of 11 depth charges were dropped, but no wreckage seen (evidently, the submarine was now underwater and the crew in the drink). The Roper twice passed near the survivors but made no effort to rescue them for fear that there might be another U-boat in the area (as they often work in pairs or packs).

A PBY plane came and at 0717, rescue operations began after another depth charge attack. Nineteen bodies were recovered and two others allowed to sink after their clothing was searched.

Some of this report definitely has me wondering.

War Crime? --GreGen

Friday, January 10, 2014

U-85

From Wikipedia. Type V1CB U-boat laid down in 1939 and launched 10 April 1941, commissioned in June and assigned to the 3rd U-boat Flotilla. Completed four war patrols and sank three ships, totalling 15,060 tons.

FIRST PATROL-- Departed Trindheim in Norway 28 August 1941. Sank one ship. Returned to St. Nazaire, France, on the Atlantic coast 18 September 1941.

SECOND PATROL-- Started and ended in Lorient, France.

THIRD PATROL-- Sank one ship northeast of St. John, Newfoundland, 9 Feb 1942.

FOURTH PATROL-- Left St, Nazaire 21 March 1942. Probably sank a ship April 10th. Sunk with all hands 14 April 1942. It was the first German U-boat loss in Operation Drumbeat.

--GreGen

Were the Deaths of the U-85 Sailors an American War Crime?

As I continued with my research on the U-85 sailors and USS Roper, there is the possibility that all this might be an American war crime. Perhaps these Germans died unnecessarily.

Wikipedia said in its article on the USS Roper that one German thinks it was exactly that and, after reading the action report of the USS Roper which I found in the U-boat net, does raise some questions.

You Be The Judge. --GreGen

Wednesday, January 8, 2014

Greman U-boat U-85 Sailors Buried on American Soil


From U-boat Archives.

Back on Dec. 23, 2013, I wrote about the 28 crew members of the U-95 being buried at the Hampton National Cemetery in Virginia. Here is a follow up on the story.

The U-85 was sunk by the destroyer USS Roper in a night surface action off the coast of North Carolina during the Battle of the Atlantic off the coast of the United States on April 14, 1942.

It had been attacked several months earlier by a VP-82 PBO-1 Hudson flown by AMM1c Donald L. Mason on 28 Jan 1942. At the time, Mason had reported back to his base at Argentia, Newfoundland, "Sighted sub, sank same."

Twenty-nine sailors of the U-85 were buried at Hampton National Cemetery in Hampton, Virginia, with military honors, secretly on the evening of April 15, 1942. Fifty-two German prisoners from Fort Monroe prepared and later filled the graves. At 2000, the burial service was read by the Catholic Chaplain, followed by the Protestant Chaplain. Twenty-four U.S. seamen fired three volleys and Taps was sounded. This burial was kept secret for fear of enraging the American public that German sailors had been buried on American soil.

Doing Their Duty. --GreGen

Shorpy World War II Photos-- Part 5

DEC. 8, 2013, FROSTED TRUCK: 1943-- March 1943. "Between Lockport and Joliet, Illinois, along the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe." By Jack Delano OWI (Office of War Information). Railroads played an important role in moving equipment and personnel from coast to coast.

DECEMBER 7, 2012, THE MORNING AFTER: 1941-- San Francisco. "The corner of Montgomery and Market Streets, Monday, the morning after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Photo by Jack Colizi. Newstand with all the papers bearing the headlines.

DECEMBER 6, 2013, SHOVE IT: 1943-- March 1942. Virginia Beach, Virginia. "Fort Story coast defense. A tough job for soldiers is shoving a breech block of the giant howitzer into place. The screw threads help the block to withstand millions of foot-pounds of pressure caused by the exploding charge." By Alfred Palmer, OWI Followed by some very interesting and informatice comments. You should always read the comments on these photos.

The United States At War. --GreGen

Tuesday, January 7, 2014

Two Local Pearl Harbor Survivors Die Over the Past Year-- Part 2

David Roessler was born June 17, 1921, and grew up in Shoshone. He joined the Army at age 18 and served in the Pacific in the Army's 24th Division Signal Office as chief clerk at the Schofield Barracks.

In 2008, he told the Times-News that he was awakened that day by the sound of a plane going down and ran out of his barracks and saw about 16 two-seat Japanese planes bombing Wheeler Field about two miles away.

He ran across an open field to his duty station and emptied his 45-caliber handgun at a Japanese plane just 50 feet above him and said, "You knew it wouldn't do any good. But, it made you feel better."

There are only about 1,000 Pearl Harbor survivors still alive as of December 7, 2012.

Sorry to Be Losing Them. --GreGen

Actually, In the Last Post, It was the USS Northampton

I looked up the cruiser USS Hampton that David Ray Mohlenbrink served on at Pearl Harbor, the Doolittle Raid and was sunk at Iron Bottom Sound and could find any mention of a cruiser by that name.

Most likely, he was serving on the heavy cruiser USS Northampton which was not at Pearl Harbor during the attack but at sea with the USS Enterprise, but entered the harbor soon afterwards. It also was on both the Doolittle Raid and sunk in Dec. 1942. Perhaps the crew of the Northampton just referred to it as the 'Hampton.

Clears That Up. --- GreGen

Two Local Pearl Harbor Survivors Die Over the Last Year-- Part 1

From the dec. 7, 2013, Twin Falls (Idaho) Happy Valley Times-News.

GALE DONALD MOHLENBRINK, 89, of Buhl died July 7th and DAVID RAY ROESSLER, 91, of Gooding died March 21st.

Mohlenbrink was born Feb. 23, 1924, in Lowell, Wyoming, and grew up in Oklahoma and Idaho before joining the Navy in February 1941. He survived Pearl Harbor and saw further action in the Pacific.

The heavy cruiser he was on, the USS Hampton, was part of the Doolittle Raid and was sunk in Iron Bottom Sound Dec. 1, 1942 where he survived shark-infested waters before being picked up by a destroyer.

After that, he served on the destroyer USS Edison and served in the Atlantic. After the German surrender, his ship returned homr to Pearl Harbor where it began preparing for the invasion of Japan.

The Greatest Generation. --GreGen

Shorpy World War II Photos-- Part 4

DEC. 13, 2013-- FEMININE PROPENSITIES: 1942-- August 1942: "Testing small diameter, high-speed twist drills, these women employed by Republic Drill & Tool,Chicago, roll the drills down a slight incline to determine if they are acceptable." All part of the War Machinery being made at home.

DEC. 10, 2013-- READ ALL ABOUT IT: May 1942 "Southington, Ct. Where Southington folk buy their magazines" by Fenno Jacobs, OWI.

DEC. 9, 2013-- MATHLETES: 1943: October 1943, Washington, DC "A mechanical drawing class at Woodrow Wilson High School" by Esther Bubley, OWI.

DEC. 8, 2013 THE IN CROWD: 1943-- Oct. 1943 "Sally Dessez talking with some friends near her locker at Woodrow Wilson High School" By Esther Bubley, OWI (Office of War Information).

And Schooling Goes On, As Does Locker Chatter. --GreGen

Monday, January 6, 2014

Parts of New York City Built On Ruins of English Cathedrals

From the Dec. 28, 2013, Gizmode/Australia by Geoff Manaugh.

Here is one aspect of the war you never consider, what happened to all the buildings that were destroyed by bombing?

Parts of Manhattan are built on the ruins of English towns, especially London, that were destroyed by the German Luftwaffe. The rubble was shipped across the Atlantic as ballast on ships returning from Europe.

New York City's FDR Drive was built along the east side of Manhattan, much of it English rubble fill.

So much in fact was dumped, that one area between 23rd and 34th streets became known as the "Bristol Basin," though it was primarily from London.

So, the "ruins of another city" are under a part of New York City. What makes this even more interesting is that NYC is not just another city built on top of a pre-existing city like many of the world's cities.

Just Something I Never thought About. --GreGen

Shorpy World War II Photos-- Part 3

These are just ones from December 2013.

Dec. 19, 2013 PHELPS-DODGE: 1942-- Part of the copper concentrating plant of the Phelps-Dodge Mining Company at Morenci, Arizona. The plant supplied great quantities of the copper so vital to the war effort.

12-16-13 TRAFFIC CHANNEL CONTROL: 1942-- June 1942, Washington, D.C.. "U.S. Office of Defense Transportation System of port control and its traffic channel control." Photo by Albert Freeman, OWI (Office of War Information.) These were card punch machines like early computers. Of course, with all the ships carrying supplies and troops overseas, this was quite the busy place.

12-15-13-- BELL LABS: 1942-- March 19, 1942 at the birthplace of the transistor. "Bell Telephone Laboratories, Murray Hill, New Jersey. Drafting room designed by architects Voorhees, Walker, Foley & Smith.

Showing All Aspects of the War On the Homefront. --GreGen

Saturday, January 4, 2014

Germany's Monsun Gruppe Wolfpack

Back on Dec. 6, 2013, I also mentioned that the U-168 was a member of Germany's Monsun Gruppe of submarines, something else I had never heard of before.

From U-boat.net.

The Monsun Gruppe (or Monsoon Group) was a German U-boat operation in the Pacific and Indian oceans. The site crefers to it as "perhaps the most special 'wolfpack' in the war as they operated very far away from Germany, mainly in the Indian Ocean out of Japanese provided bases in Indonesia." The submarines operated out of bases at Panang, Jakarta and Sabang from 1943-1945.

The group's 1943 operations were often referred to as "The Happy Days" because shipping in the Indian Ocean operated as if in peacetime, providing lots of targets.

Finding Out All Sorts of Things. --GreGen

HMS Salviking Sunk By the U-168

Some information of the Royal Navy's Salvage Ship Salviking taken mostly from the U-boat.net. Otherwise, there is not much information on this ship.

It was built in either 1942 or 1943, weighed 1440 tons and 217-feet long. When hit by three torpedoes from the U-168 (one of which was a dud), it was enroute from Colombo to Addu Atoll. The wreck is southeast of Ceylon.

It was one of 13 ships in the Britain's King Salvor class and evidently the only one to be sunk in the war.

Its main defense were four 20 mm anti-aircraft guns.

That's All I Could Find. --GreGen

Follow Up on the U-168-- Part 2

Continued from my Dec. 6. 2013, entry. This all came about because of the November 2013 announcement that the wreck of the U-168 had been found off the coast of Indonesia. I was a bit surprised by this an I was unaware of German submarines operating in the Indian and Pacific oceans. I needed to do some more research.

From Wikipedia.

FIRST PATROL: In the North Atlantic, arrived at Lorient in Occupied France May 18, 1943.

SECOND PATROL; Was moved to the Indian Ocean and sank the British ship SS Haiching off Bombay Oct. 2, 1943. Attacked by a Catalina flying boat 3 Nov. when four 250 pound depth charges were dropped. Survived and arrived Penang, Malaya 11 November.

THIRD PATROL: Most successful patrol. Left Panang 7 Feb. 1944 and fired three torpedoes at the HMS Salviking (a salvage ship) off Ceylon on the 14th and sank it. On the 15th, the U-168 sank the Greek ship Epaminonas C. Embincis off Maldives. It damaged a Norwegian ship on the 21st with its last torpedo, surfaced, but couldn't sink it because there was no ammunition left for the deck gun. Returned to Jakarta 24 March.

FOURTH PATROL: Left Jakarta Oct. 5, 1944. The next day, the U-168 was torpedoed by a Dutch submarine and lost 23 men and 27 were captured. (You also rarely hear of Dutch naval forces in the war.)

In late 2013, divers found the wreck, though it might possibly the U-183.

--GreGen

The Doolittle Raiders 2012 Reunion

From the National Museum of the U.S. Air Force in 2012.

At the time, there were five remaining Raiders and all five were well enough to attend the 70th anniversary of the Raid in April 2012. They are:

LT. COL. ROBERT E. COLE, co-pilot of No. 1 (Doolittle's plane)
MAJOR THOMAS C. GRIFFIN, Navigator of No. 9
LT.COL. ROBERT L. HITE, Co-pilot of No. 16
LT. COL. EDWARD J. SAYLOR, engineer and gunner on No. 15
MASTER SGT. DAVID J. THATCHER, Engineer/gunner on No. 7.

Plans for the Reunion:

TUESDAY, APRIL 17-- 7:30, Arrival of B-25s. Open for inspection 10 to 6 PM.
WEDNESDAY, APRIL 18TH-- "Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo" film shown. 1 PM-- B-25 Flyover. 1:30 to 3 PM Memorial Service.
THURSDAY, APRIL 19TH-- 2-4 PM autograph session.
FRIDAY, APRIL 20TH-- 10- 11:15 AM Education Program. 2-4 PM Autograph Session.

--GreGen

Wilmington, NC, in 1942-- Part 3: War Comes to Wilmington

DECEMBER 7, 1941: The Star-News included more photos of the launching of the Liberty Ship Zebulon Vance and had another headline "F.R. Addresses Message to Japanese Emperor Amid Darkening War Clouds." (Very prophetic.)

DECEMBER 8, 1941: Headlines: "U.S. Declaration Expected By Noon;" "War Stirs City; All Flay Japs; Time To Get It Over With; Consensus on Streets of Wilmington." More headlines: "Wilmington Placed on Alert Against Sabotage; Page Calls Urgent Meeting of New Hanover Group to Map Defense Plan; Utilities Guarded."

DECEMBER 9, 1941: "Wilmingtonians Doff Peace Era for All-out War." Wilmington was transformed from a quiet, but bustling peace-time city to one dedicated to all-out-war policy.

War Comes to Wilmington. --GreGen

Wilmington, NC, in 1942-- Part 2: Liberty Ships and Housing

From the Jan. 10, 2012, Wilmington (NC) Star-News "Back Then" by Scott Nunn.

DECEMBER 6, 1941:

The NC Shipbuilding Company launched its first Liberty Ship, the Zebulon B. Vance, named after NC's Civil War governor. Notice the date, the day before Pearl Harbor. The war had a huge impact on Wilmington and one of the reasons the city is seeking the name as National World War II City.

In 1935, Wilmington's population was 35,000. By 1943, this shipyard, home of today's NC State Port, alone had 20,000 workers.

Today's (Dec. 6, 1941) newspaper headlines "Wilmington's Answer to Hitler's Challenge" and "Ships, More Ships, Spell Nazi Doom."

All these workers were going to need places to live, which were in very short supply despite the Wilmington Housing Authority having already built Greenfield Terrace for white workers and Hillcrest for black workers. Lake Place, for whites, was nearing completion. There were also 3 other projects underway to house 900 more workers and their families.

Wilmington Preparing for War. --GreGen

Thursday, January 2, 2014

Shorpy World War II Photos-- Part 2


12-5-13 NIGHT SERVICE: 1942-- CIRCA 1942, VICINITY OF WASHINGTON, DC "CONSERVATION OF FUEL OIL." A very important aspect of the war effort and rationing.

12-24-13 SECRET SANTA: 1942-- December 1942 New York City R.H. Macy & Co. Santa Claus was actually two Santas concealed from each other to keep the lines moving. Even in wartime, Santa must come for a visit.

12-23-13 ASSET MANAGEMENT: 1942-- Washington, DC "Demonstration of the correct procedure in applying street makeup at Woodrow Wilson High School. Kids continued to go to school during the war. Of course. many of these girls' boyfriends would be going into the service upon graduation.

--GreGen

Shorpy World War II Photos-- Part 1

Taken from the Shorpy historical photo blog. Most every month, Shorpy.com has several pictures taken during World War II. These are some you might be interested in looking at, and if you do, make sure you check out the comments as the blog has many dedicated followers who greatly add to the picture's background. These are blog dates and headlines.

12-6-13: SOUTH PARK: 1945-- The Pine Ford Acres Community Building in Middletown, Pennsylvania. This was part of a 450-unit residential development on 51 acres for the Federal Works Agency and Federal Public Housing Authority. The workers in war industries needed places to live and a huge construction boom began, I have written a lot about the public housing in my Wilmington, N.C.,  entries in this blog.

--GreGen

Wednesday, January 1, 2014

Beginning Third Year of This Blog

This marks the 922nd post in this blog and the beginning of its third year.

This was the sixth of my seven blogs and grew out of my Cooter's History Thing Blog because I was writing so much about World War II in it. I figured I might as well just start a new blog, although with five already (and eventually a 7th on the War of 1812), I didn't really want to because I was already spending way too much time on the existing ones.

Plus, we are marking the 70th anniversary of the war and we sadly are losing huge numbers of these old warriors.

I have definitely learned a lot about the war and am a big buff of it now. Sadly, though, I grew up with these veterans (born in 1951) and, until now, never thought much about it. They were just always there.

But Now I Am Definitely Hooked. --GreGen